In-situ thermal remediation that uses arrays of electrically or gas-fired heater wells to conductively heat the surrounding soil to 100 to 350 degrees Celsius. Volatilizes a wide range of contaminants including high-boiling SVOCs, PCBs, and dioxins for vapour-phase capture and treatment.
Thermal Conductive Heating installs heater wells on a regular grid across the treatment volume. Each well delivers heat by thermal conduction outward through the soil, with target temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius for water-boiling-point applications and 250 to 350 degrees Celsius for high-boiling SVOCs, creosote, PCBs, and selected dioxin work. Operating periods range from 90 to 270 days.
TCH is geology-tolerant in a way ERH is not: heat conducts equally through dry, saturated, fine-, or coarse-grained soils, so it suits low-moisture clay lenses and bedrock fracture zones that defeat resistance heating. Energy demand and capital cost are higher than ERH, and the technology is best suited to deep, high-concentration source zones where excavation and ex-situ treatment are not practical.
Also known as: TCH, thermal conduction heating, ISTD, in-situ thermal desorption.
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO): treatment approach
In-situ chemical oxidation: injection of a chemical oxidant — permanganate, persulfate, or Fenton's reagent — directly into contaminated soil or groundwater to destroy dissolved-phase organic contaminants without excavation.
An ex-situ soil treatment process that heats contaminated soil to volatilize and separate organic contaminants from the soil matrix, after which the liberated vapors are captured and treated, usually in a high-temperature oxidizer.
A thermal desorption configuration where the heat source contacts the soil directly inside the rotary unit, delivering high heat-transfer efficiency and supporting higher treatment temperatures.
A thermal desorption configuration where heat is conducted through the wall of the treatment vessel without combustion gases contacting the soil, producing a concentrated, lower-volume vapor stream suitable for condensation and recovery.
Treatment that heats contaminated soil and groundwater in place, typically with electrical resistance, thermal conduction, or steam injection, to volatilize and recover contaminants without excavation. Used where excavation is impractical or where the contaminant zone sits beneath active infrastructure.